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Grammar · A1

The accusative: einen Apfel, den Kaffee

What you buy, have or see is in the accusative. Good news: only masculine words change (der → den, ein → einen).

Who does what

A sentence has someone who does something: the subject (Otti kauft …). The subject is in the nominative, the form you find in the dictionary.

Many verbs need one more part. Otti buys … what? An apple: Otti kauft einen Apfel. That is the object, the thing you do something to, and it is in the accusative. Its question is wen oder was? (whom or what?).

Only der changes

In the accusative only masculine words change: der becomes den, ein becomes einen, kein becomes keinen. Feminine words (die, eine), neuter words (das, ein) and the plural (die) stay as they are.

So learn every noun with its article. If it is a der word, watch its ending after the verb.

NominativeAccusativeExample
derdenden Kaffee
eineineneinen Apfel
keinkeinenkeinen Hunger
die / einedie / eineeine Banane
das / eindas / einein Brot
die (plural)diedie Äpfel

Always with the accusative

Some very common verbs always have an object in the accusative: haben, brauchen, möchten, kaufen, nehmen, sehen, suchen.

es gibt (there is, there are) takes the accusative too: Es gibt hier einen Park. The word after es gibt is never the subject, so a masculine word becomes den or einen.

Fill the Gaps

  1. Ich esse ___ Apfel.

  2. ___ Kaffee ist sehr heiß.

  3. Siehst du ___ Hund dort?

  4. Lotte kauft ___ Banane.

  5. Emil hat ___ Fahrrad.

  6. Hier gibt es ___ Bahnhof.

  7. Ich habe heute ___ Hunger.

  8. Frau Hilde liest ___ Zeitung.

You meet it in: Otti orders a coffee, Otti at the bakery, Otti at the market, Otti gets dressed, Otti goes shopping, Otti in the restaurant, Otti in the park

Next lesson · A1

Possessive articles: mein, dein, unser

Mein, dein, sein and the others say whose something is. They take the same endings as ein: mein Bruder, meine Schwester, meinen Bruder.