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Other Examples
Grammar
- Present
- er/sie/es isst What happens now or usually.
- Simple past (Präteritum)
- er/sie/es aß The past in stories and in writing; in speech mostly with sein, haben and the modal verbs.
- Perfect (Perfekt)
- er/sie/es hat gegessen The past in conversation. Verbs of movement or change take "ist", most others "hat".
Conjugation
The verb in every person; under each table, when German uses it.
| Person | Präsens | Präteritum | Perfekt |
|---|---|---|---|
| ich | esse | aß | habe gegessen |
| du | isst | aßest | hast gegessen |
| er/sie/es | isst | aß | hat gegessen |
| wir | essen | aßen | haben gegessen |
| ihr | esst | aßt | habt gegessen |
| sie/Sie | essen | aßen | haben gegessen |
- Präsens
- What happens now or usually; with a time word also the future.
- Präteritum
- The past in stories and in writing; in speech mostly with sein, haben and the modal verbs.
- Perfekt
- The past in conversation.
More Tenses and Moods
| Person | Plusquamperfekt | Futur I | Futur II |
|---|---|---|---|
| ich | hatte gegessen | werde essen | werde gegessen haben |
| du | hattest gegessen | wirst essen | wirst gegessen haben |
| er/sie/es | hatte gegessen | wird essen | wird gegessen haben |
| wir | hatten gegessen | werden essen | werden gegessen haben |
| ihr | hattet gegessen | werdet essen | werdet gegessen haben |
| sie/Sie | hatten gegessen | werden essen | werden gegessen haben |
- Plusquamperfekt
- What had happened before another moment in the past.
- Futur I
- Plans, promises and guesses about the future; often the Präsens is enough.
- Futur II
- What will be finished by a moment in the future, or a guess about the past.
| Person | Konjunktiv II |
|---|---|
| ich | äße |
| du | äßest |
| er/sie/es | äße |
| wir | äßen |
| ihr | äßet |
| sie/Sie | äßen |
- Konjunktiv II
- Wishes, polite requests and what isn't real.
| Person | Imperativ |
|---|---|
| du | iss! |
| ihr | esst! |
| Sie | essen Sie! |
- Imperativ
- Requests and instructions to du, ihr and Sie.
How the Word Is Built
ess root en ending
- -en
- the ending of the infinitive, the form of a verb in the dictionary.
Word family
In Otti's situations: Otti cooks
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